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NOTES:

*This paper was presented at the UGC National Conference on "New Directions for Language and Literature Studies", in Kolkata, Nov 28 & 29, 2003.

REFERENCES

Jose Ortega Y Gasset (2000) The Misery and the Splendor of Translation, in the Lawrence Venuti (Ed), Translation Studies Reader London and New York: Routledge.

Ramanujan A K (nd.) Some Thoughts on 'Non-western' Classics, with Indian Examples", in Collected Essays. np: OUP.

Gauri Viswanathan (1990) Masks of Conquest: Literary Studies and the British Rule in India. London: Faber and Faber.

Swati Joshi (Ed) (1991) Rethinking English: Culture, Literature and Pedagogy, Delhi: Trianka, 1991.

Susie Tharu (Ed) (1998) Subject to Change: Teaching Literature in the Nineties, Hyderabad: Orient Longman,

Braj B Kachru (1998) The Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions and Models of Non-native Englishes, Oxford: Pergamon Institute.

Vanamala Viswanatha (1998) Literary Translation: A Technique for Teaching English Literature in a Bi-literary Context, in Susie Tharu (Ed), Subject to Change: Teaching Literature in the Nineties, Hyderabad: Orient Longman.

Appendix A

Bangalore University, Department of English

Syllabus for II M.A. English 1998 - 2003 (English)

Paper VII: Modern Indian Literatures in Translation
One of the chief concerns of Modern Indian Literatures has been the construction of a viable and vibrant national and cultural identity. In the context of India's transition to modernity, such an identity hinges on and is largely constituted by the interplay of four elements: 1. Nationalism, 2. Religion, 3 Caste, 4. Gender. This paper presents a selection from three Indian literatures (Malayalam, Bengali and Kannada), of modern texts on these themes as well as critical texts that provide a framework for their study. All texts are available and will be studied in English translation.
A. Nation
1. O.V.Vijayan - The Saga of Dharmapuri (Malayalam)
2. Tarashankar Bandopadhyay - Ganadevata (Bengali)
3. Shivarama Karantha - Back to the Soil (Kannada)
B. Religion
1. Tagore, Gora (Bengali)
2. Vaikkom Mohammed Bashir - Me Grandad had an Elephant (Malayalam)
3. U.R.Ananthamurthy - Bharathipura (Kannada)
C. Caste
1. Chandu Menon - Indulekha (Malayalam)
2. Mahashweta Devi - Rudali (Bengali)
3. Girish Karnad - Taledanda (Kannada)
D. Gender
1. Lalithambika Antarjanam - Agnisakshi (Malayalam)
2. Jyothirmoyee Devi - The River Churning (Bengali)
3. M.K.Indira - Phaniamma (Kannada)
E. Critical Texts
1. Umashankar Joshi - "The Idea of Indian Literature"
(Sahitya Akademi Samvatsar Lectures: Three, 1990)
2. Meenakshi Mukherjee - "From Purana to Nutana" (3-18) in Realism and Reality : The Novel and Society in India.
3. Aijaz Ahamad, "Indian Literature: Notes Towards the Definition of a Category" in In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures (1992)
4. G.N.Devy - After Amnesia , 1993, pp.61-92.
5. Trivedi, Harish "Reading English, Writing Hindi" in Colonial Transactions, 1993.

Appendix B

The Question Paper: A Sample

Final M A Examination, May-June 2000
(New Scheme)

ENGLISH
(Paper 7) Modern Indian Literatures in Translation

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 100

SECTION - A

Attempt one of the following questions:                                                                                             (15x1=15)

1. Comment on the idea of 'Indianness' in Indian literatures as debated by any two prescribed critics.
                                                                            OR
2. What are the problems faced by a historiographer of Modern Indian Literatures? Discuss with reference to two or more critical essays you have studied.
                                                                            OR
3. Write short notes on any two of the following :
       a) pre-novel narrative traditions in India
       b) Colonialism and the rise of the Indian novel
       c) 'Marga' and 'Desi' traditions in Indian Literatures

SECTION - B

Answer three of the following questions with reference to at least two prescribed texts:                (15x3=45)

1. a) "The novel is the narrative of the nation". Comment.
                                             OR
    b) Back to the Soil and Ganadevatha are not merely regional novels but texts of the nation." Discuss.
2 .a) "The assertion of religious identity in modern India has been based on the myth of a golden past" Comment.
                                             OR
    b) "Hinduism in practice functions not so much as religion but as caste." Discuss this view with reference to Gora and         Bharathipura.
3. a) "In Indian society, caste oppression inevitably entails consequences for the woman." Substantiate.
                                             OR
    b) Comment on the changing representations of caste in different historical contexts.
4. a) Discuss the relationship between gender and modernity as portrayed by any two novelists prescribed.
                                             OR
    b) Write an essay on the role of marriage in a woman's life as imaged in any two modern Indian novels you have          studied.

SECTION - C

Write short notes on any four of the following:                                                                                 (4x10=40)

a) Widowhood in Phaniamma.
b) Treatment of the Muslim community in The River Churning.
c) Relationship between Basavanna and Bijjala in Taledanda.
d) The role of Dulan Ganju in Rudali.
e) Significance of the title Me Grandad 'Ad and Elephant.
f) The Saligrama episode in Bharatipura.
g) Nagaveni in Back to the Soil.
h) Motherhood as portrayed in Agnisakshi.

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