NOTES

1. A detailed knowledge of Western books translated into Chinese and their impact on Chinese society and literature is available in Chow Tse-tsung's The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in Modern China, Chapter XI.
2. Such a rendering of Chinese verses into English mars the readability of the original as is evident from the following sample of poetry, a poem traditionally attributed to Chü Yüan of the third or second century B.C., selected from the vast oeuvre of Waley's works:

   The Great Summons
   Invocation to the soul of a dead or sick man

   Green Spring Receiveth
   The vacant earth;
   The white sun shineth;

Spring wind provoketh
To burst and burgeon
Each sprout and flower.

The dark ice melts and oves;hide not, my soul!
O Soul, come back again! O do not stray!

O Soul, come back again and go not east or west, north or south!
For to the East a mighty water drowneth Earth's other shore;
Tossed on its waves and heaving with its tides
The hornless Dragon of the Ocean rideth;
Clouds gather low and fogs unfold the sea
And gleaming ice drifts past.
O Soul, go not to the East,
To the silent Valley of Sunrise!

(Morris 1970: 165)

REFERENCES

Bassnett, Susan and Harish Trivedi (1999) Post-colonial Translation: Theory and  Practice. London and New York: Routledge.

Classe, Olive (ed.) (2000) Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English. London  and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.

Chow Tse-tsung. (1960) The May Fourth Movement: Intellectual Revolution in  Modern China Cambridge and Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Franke, Wolfgang. (1967) China and the West R.A.Wilson (Trans.). Oxford: Basil  Blackwell.

Morris, Ivan. (1970) Madly Singing in the Mountains: An Appreciation and Anthology: Arthur Waley. London, George Allen and Un Win Ltd.

Ross, E.D. (1928) Eastern Art and Literature: with special reference to China, India, Arabia and Persia London: Benn's Sixpence Library.

Schwab, Raymonds. (1984) The Oriental Renaissance: Europe's Rediscovery of  India and the East, 1680-1880. Gene Patterson-Black and Victor Reinking. (Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press,

Spence, Jonathan D. (1990) The Search for Modern China London, Sydney, etc.:  Hutchinson

Wilkins, Charles. (1785) The Bhagwat-Geeta or Dialogues in Eighteen Lectures  with Notes (Translated from the original, In the Sanskrit Language of the Brahmanas). London: C: Nourse

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