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19. The words "Vastuka" and "Varnaka" are used as conceptual categories in Kannada literary tradition, but without exactly defining it. Various scholars have defined it in different ways, but Seetharamaiah argues that the concepts have changed their meaning over time (Seetharamaiah, 1974).

20. These kingdoms where situated in today's northern Karnataka, which the historians of the medieval period normally identify as the Deccan plateau.

21. Agamas are sacred texts that lay out the tenets of the religion.

22. This situation is something similar to the one that is pointed out by Bassnett (Bassnett 1991) with regard to the Roman translations, in her classification of various stages of translation in Europe. There also, the translations were carried out for an audience who knew the source language well and would have read the translated text in original form. But there the Roman polity had taken firm root against that of the Greek polity. Here in South Asia we find no correspondence between language and polity. Even if there are correspondence between language and polity. Even if there are correspondences it is quite different from that of the European situation as sketched in the second part of this paper.

REFERENCES

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