In
the next sub-ensemble, the first three micro-ensembles reveal that Karna
has learnt the reason why Kunti, the mother of kings, has come to him
alone, in the battlefield to the Commander-in-Chief of the Kaurava forces.
She had a prayer - and for the first time, she addresses him as "Son"
instead of "Child" and the partial signifier of "Bhikkhaa
Aache" is completed by the command-like entreaty - " Viphala
Naa Phiri Yena" - she makes the request as a mother and like the
royal mother she imposes her will, saying that she should not return
without the grant of her wish. Karna is dumb-founded - "Bhikkhaa,
Mora Kaache!" and his surprise is expressed not only in the reversal
of the order of words in the sentence, but also by the note of exclamation
in the end. And then even before hearing what her prayer is, he pledges
that apart from his own manhood and sense of duty he is ready to obey
her command. In the English translation, Tagore uses the word "honour"
to indicate the notion of "dharma" and qualifies it by relating
it to the idea of manhood and the honour of a kshatriya but Karna's
"dharma" is rather the sense of duty that makes him pledge
that he would fulfil her prayer. He has been overwhelmed by the revelation
of Kunti being his mother and his existential situation makes it imperative
that he fulfils his duty (as a son here) rather than as a Kshatriya
warrior. Again, "Bhikkhaa" is not "boon" and the
translation of - "Putra, Bhikkhaa Aache - Viphala Naa Phiri Yena"
as "I have a boon to crave" is in complete disjunction to
the connotation in the original text. Kunti being the royal mother has
her own pride as a "Khartiya Naarii" and she can never "crave"
for a "boon" - her prayer or entreaty would rather have the
form of a command as she has come to reveal her identity to Karna to
impose her will.
The
following sub-ensemble is a proposition in comprehension as it indicates
the purpose of Kunti who asserts that she has come to take him, and
to Karna's question regarding the intended destination, she responds
with "in the midst of her thirsting breast, in the lap of her motherliness".
The notion of "MaatrikroRe" is missing in the translation
and its absence is supported by the phrase "for your love"
- the connotation of which is more context-friendly for the western
audience.
In
the next two sub-ensembles, the semantic thrust of the proposition is
extended. Karna still tries to grapple with the fact that Kunti, blessed
as she is with five sons, is undoubtedly fortunate, and yet she has
approached him, who has no proper ancestral lineage or any family honour
and is a small chieftain.What place could Kunti give him? In the English
text "pancaputra" has been translated as "five brave
kings" whereas it merely means "five sons" and the shift
that results even contradicts the narrative of the epic.
The
conflict that Karna poses in the translated text is an opposition between
his position as a "small chieftain" and that of kings but
in the Bengali version, the problem is of finding his position - legitimacy
- among the five other sons of Kunti. And therefore in the next sub-ensemble
which is an extension of the earlier proposition, Kunti says - "Sarva-Uccabhaage,
/ Tomaare Vasaava Mora Sarvaputra-Aage - / JyeSTha Putra Tumi!"
- "at the highest position, will I place you, before all my sons
- you are my first born". But the translation condenses the semantic
expanse of the proposition and reduces it to "your place is before
all my sons" which has no co-relation to the earlier line - "five
brave kings".
In
the third sequence, there are four signifying ensembles. The first ensemble
can be divided into three sub-units in which, Karna asks Kunti the most
fundamental question that indicates his human predicament: "Kon
Adhikaara Made / Pravesha Kariva Sethaa?" - "with what right
would I enter there?" In the translated text, the next two micro-units
are not indicated and yet they are crucial to the narrative as they
reflect the essence of Karna's inner constitution. These are propositions,
which work together as an infix that later finds an extension. The phrase
"JyeSTha Putra Tumi!" of the second sequence finds an evocation
in this unit as "JyeSTha" which not only means "first
born" or "eldest" but also "VraahmaNa" - it
indicates Karna's renunciative capacity which is the only attribute
of a true " VraahmaNa" - the one who has conquered all material
desires of the physical world. So, Karna says in the second and third
micro-units of the first signifying sub-ensemble that those who have
been denied the rights to their kingdom, what right did he have to curtail
their rights over maternal love which neither follows the mercantile
logic of exchange nor can be won by the virtue of physical strength
- it is a gift of the divine! By acknowledging the rights of the Pandavas
over and above his claim to his mother's love, Karna accepts them as
his brothers and thereby fulfils his "dharma" or duty as a
son and that too, the duty of the first-born.
Kunti's
plea in the next ensemble can be divided into four sub-units. She raises
the issue of both his right and the divine ordain to his claim by saying
that it is with the permission of the creator ("Vidhaataara Adhikaara")
that he had been born to her and therefore, he had the right to return
amid all his brothers and his mother with dignity and without any hesitation.
In the translated text, the four sub-units are reduced into a single-unit
proposition - "your own God-given right to your mother's love".
The
third ensemble has eleven sub-units. The first sub-ensemble is a proposition
in comprehension. It indicates the sequence of a dream that Kunti's
words has evoked. The next sub-unit is an extension of the idea of dream
whereby the darkness seems to be permeating the very atmosphere and
all nature is hidden while the Bhagirathi flows soundlessly (another
name of Ganges, that has mythic overtones - Bhagirath's penance had
been successful in bringing the waters of the Ganges to the earth from
the heavens and directed her course so that it could be taken towards
the place where the sons of King Sagar lay in a heap of ashes due to
the curse of Kapil Muni and it is through the purificatory effect of
the holy waters that their lives were renewed and hence, the reference
to Ganga as Bhagirathi). It is this connotation of the river that is
carried forward when Karna feels that his inner being is being taken
into some illusory world, a forgotten abode in the dawn of primal consciousness.
In the next sub-ensemble, there are several partial signifiers that
constitute the highly charged narrative matrix. Like the oldest truth,
the words of Kunti orchestrated upon him, holding him enthralled. As
if in the state of primal infancy he is engulfed in the darkness of
his mother's womb. This whole sub-ensemble had been condensed in the
translation and the next five sub-units have been fused into a single-unit
proposition - "The gloom of evening ... twilight consciousness".
The next proposition in the translated version therefore is a query
into the irreality of the state of being he is in and he wants a return
to the world of the real and so, asks Kunti to place her right hand
on his forehead. But in the Bengali text, he foregoes the urge to delve
into the world of the real and it is in extension to the first proposition
in the opening sequence that his meditative self requests her - "the
loving one" ("Snehamayii") to place her right hand in
a momentary caress over his forehead and chin.
The
phrase "Shuniyaachi Lokamukhe" has been rendered as "rumour"
in English, but the Bengali word merely indicates that he has heard
from the people that his mother has abandoned him at birth. The next
six micro-units are thus an extension of his dream, which encapsulates
the hidden core of his desire - in the depths of his unconscious he
had seen his birth-giver ("Jananii") come to see him and he
had pleadingly cried in agony - "unveil your face". But as
soon as his voice shattered the silence of the night, the dream-image
of his mother disappeared from in front of his mental eye and the illusion
faded. But how is it that the dream of his sub-conscious had taken a
physical shape and appeared as a tangible reality in the form of the
Pandava mother that evening hour, in the middle of the battlefield,
by the banks of the river Bhagirathi! The exclamation mark at the end
of this sub-sequence is denotative of the symbolic state of Karna's
inner psychic order that hovers between the twilight threshold of belief
and disbelief.
The
next sub-unit however brings him back to the physical world and the
inner dialogue of the mind is externalized in his address to Kunti as
"devi" - as he sees the lights illuminating the Pandava camp
and the sound of horses in the Kaurava side - his reverie is finally
broken. He comes back to the real world as he realizes that the following
morning would herald the beginning of the greatest war. And hence the
next proposition in disjunction and he wonders why he had to hear the
tone of motherly affection in the address of Arjuna's mother? Why did
his name sound like sweet music when uttered by her? Completely taken
aback, he realizes that his mind has acquired autonomy of its own and
he has an unwitting and quite uncontrollably felt desire to be acknowledged
as the brother of the Pandavas.
The
translation does not embody the duality that enhances the ambiguousness
of Karna's mind and the queries that are raised emanate from the external
speaking self rather than from the withdrawn, internal self, the depths
of the sub-conscious mind.
In
the fourth signifying ensemble Kunti endearingly beckons him, addressing
him as 'child' but in the translation, the notion of "delay not,
my son!" is introduced, as if Kunti is in a hurry to take him away,
although it could never have been her intention. Karna assures her that
he would accompany her without questions, without any doubt or fear
since she is his mother. His inner consciousness has been stirred by
her call, and forgotten to him is the victory of war. False to him is
the hatred of war, the strife for glory and the desire for fame in vanquishing
the adversary. He agrees to go wherever she takes him along. But in
the following sub-unit, when she indicates the opposite bank of the
river as her destination he knows that the reality is nothing but an
illusion. He therefore requests her to re-affirm that he is truly her
son and on the opposite bank there was the hope of finding his mother
forever. Her answer makes him contend with the discord that is imminent
in the proposition - "Putra Mora" - "O my son!"
Ironically it has a jarring effect because the acknowledgement of her
identity makes him face the bitterest truth - the ultimate violence
of Kunti that robs him even of his anger against those whom he considered
his opponents, making his whole endeavour in the battle a meaningless
exercise.
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