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2. SRI'S THREE TRAGEDIES: GADAYUDDHA NATAKAM,
ASWATTHAMAN AND PARASIKARU
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Sri wrote three tragic plays namely, Gadayuddha
natakam, Asvatthaman and Parasikaru. In the first one, Sri
had tried to adapt Ranna's Gadayuddha, a tenth century Jaina
epic in Campu style, to the form of a Greek tragedy. Asvatthaman
is an adaptation based on Sophocles's Greek tragedy Ajax
and Parasikaru is a translation of Aeschylus's Greek tragedy
Persians. Parasikaru has been excluded from the discussion
here because as a stright forward translation it did not
generate the type of controversy that the other two plays
have generated and thus is not relevant for the discussion
undertaken here. Sitharamaiya, 1946 points out that Sri
also had a plan to adapt Euripidis's Bacchae into Kannada
to write a tragedy involving Krishna as the main character.
However, he appears to have hesitated over such an attempt
following the controversies raised on Aswatthaman and subsequently
abandoned the idea. Gadayuddha nataka should be seen as
an attempt by Sri to explore the possibilities of adapting
the technicalities of Greek tragedy to themes form Indian
mythology. It is an experimentation similar to his Inglish
gitagalu (1921), a translation/adaptation of English romantic
poetry into Kannada. Kulkarni. (1941:79) claims that Sri
himself had given the analogy of 'the damsel in distress'
to the tragedy that is hidden in Ranna's epic Gadayuddha
and his own role as 'Prince Charming' in rescuing it from
the holds of the tenth century epic.
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It may not be just accidental that Rama's
Duryodhana, being modeled on the Jaina pratinayaka model
(dhiroddhata type), and having inherent characteristics
of becoming a tragic hero, provided an ideal opportunity
for such an experimentation. More over, Ranna's epic itself
is composed in a dramatic framework. Its dialogue oriented
nature rather than epic narration, the actions and situations
that are appropriate to a play, the existence of the character
of Vidusaka that usually is absent in the Campu epic tradition
adds further justification to the claim that Ranna himself
might have planned it to be a play first, but subsequently
decided to write it as a Campu epic. However, it is only
a speculation and it is difficult to get convinced by this
argument as the genre drama itself is conspicuously absent
not only in ancient and medieval Kannada literature but
also in other regional literatures of India.
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With regard to the success that Sri achieved
in adapting Ranna's Gadayuddha into Greek tragedy, the following
observation of Ranganna, (1941:72) is noteworthy.
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"In several aspects like the constitution
of plot, characterization, temporal
sequencing and ambition, Gadayuddha nataka follows the pattern
of a Greek
tragedy right from the beginning to the end... If a chorus
had been introduced and
scenes like showing the clash, collapse of a character on
the stage after having lost
the consciousness, kicking the headgear of the opponent
and the death had been
avoided, this play would have become a perfect example of
Greek tragedy.
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