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Post Graduate Diploma in Translation Studies
 
423.4.3.2: LINGUISTIC PROBLEMS
 

     A look at the examples given below clearly brings forth the following types of structural problems in the translated texts:

 
  1. Spelling
  2. Lexical choice
  3. Sentence structures
 
     1.Spelling
 

     Spelling errors in the Hindi texts are a frequent phenomenon in most public notices. A translation theory cannot teach a translator to write correctly so far as the spellings of the TL are concerned. It is a shortcoming of the translator and shows that very often these jobs are handled by the people who are not competent enough in the TL. Another source of spelling errors is the labour force which is used for copying these notices onto the big boards. The translator personally never does the job himself, and the people who are employed to do the job are hardly literate. Of course the ultimate responsibility lies with the translator since he should check the boards before they are put on the walls. As a result we end up having the kind of spelling errors pointed out by bold letters in the examples given above. For convenience some of them are repeated here, the error is underlined:

 
Item Gloss Example No.

Correct form

       
yadii if
1

yadi

dur distance
4
duur
uddradaSya mission
4
uddeSya
yataayaataa traffic
5
yaataayaat
 
     2.Lexical choice
 

     The correct lexical choice can be made with the help of some source material prepared with the help of some theory of equivalence. Here the theory can help us decide which lexical form to select from the available set. The question of equivalence is being pursued by different schools. A major school lays a lot of emphasis on the transfer of semantic content from SL to TL which is an important aspect of correct lexical choice would be the cultural features of a specific lexical item. The third aspect would be the structural environment which also plays a crucial role in the selection of a lexical item. Many languages have structural constraints for certain near-synonyms. Thus an item might not be acceptable in a specific context even though it may be perfectly acceptable for a similar semantic use elsewhere. For example, item kaaraN in the example no. 5 is not a good equivalent for 'due to' even though it is perfectly acceptable in a context such as follows:

 

     'I could not finish the article due to bad health'

     tabiyat kharaab hone ke kaaraN m? ye lekh puuraa nahi iÖ kar sakii

 

Example 5 is a literal translation of the English text and therefore permits the use of kaaraN which is otherwise not acceptable in such contexts.

 
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