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423.3.8.3 : INNOVATION |
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Where current equivalents were not available for the English term had to be devised or innovated - |
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by assigning a new technical meaning to a word no longer in usage, thus divesting it of the obsolete meaning, if any, and reviving it for a different, though analogous, function, e.g. sansad, jangaNanaa, TippaN. |
| ii) |
by assigning new meaning to a word already in usage, thus enlarging the semantic potentiality of the term by investing it with an additional function or meaning, e.g. sankaay, raajpatrit, abhiyantaa, parivikSaa, praayojanaa. |
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Translation Equivalence: Translation is an important device of evolving equivalents in a recepient language, but there are more than one ways of establishing translation equivalence. The accepted principle is that the sense of the term should be translated rather than its literal meaning, e.g. |
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| atomic language
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mulaj bhaSaa
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reduplication
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abhyaas
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| amorous bite
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viSkanya dangS
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least effort
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pratyant
laaghav |
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| outstation
cheque
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Sahari cEk
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obsterics
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prasuti
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philosophical
anthropology |
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maanvmimaansaa
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cacuminal
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murdha
nya |
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However, some term representing certain western concepts had attained such a wide currency and were so transparent in their meaning that it was thought useful to take resort literal translation in such cases, which would, enrich the Indian vocabulary , e.g. |
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| green revolution
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harit kraanti
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black money
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kaalaadhan |
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| fifth columnist
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pancmaangi
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above the line
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rekhopari |
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| leftist
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vaampanthi
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red-tapism
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laalfitaaSaahi |
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| rightist
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dakSiNpanthi |
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| A new term however perfect in grammatical fineness and semantic accuracy is of little consequence unless it circulates in usage. While on the one hand there are strong reasons to allow the terms to grow on their own in a natural process of development, there are equally strong reasons to promote their usage consciously through appropriate ways in a developing country like India. Social acceptability of a term ultimately depends upon the extent to which it is exposed to the user through the media -electronic, print, or oral. Wider usage of terminology becomes easier in domains where switchover of medium has taken place as in the case of many basic social sciences as against some higher domains of science and technology like engineering and medicine where Indian languages have yet to make an effective breakthrough |
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| QUESTIONS |
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A. Answer the following questions: |
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1. What are the three main constraints on the evolution of technical term equivalents according to you? |
2. Why can't an equivalent be determined in isolation? |
3. What is meant by 'heavy-duty words'? |
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B. Critically evaluate the utility of the following devices for term creation: |
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A. |
Innovation |
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B. |
Borrowing |
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| Points to Remember(5f) |
