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Post Graduate Diploma in Translation Studies
 

     Generally technical language syntax is characterized by simple, short, and unambiguous sentences and less complicated clause structures. Inspite of these positive features of technical texts the translation would pose problems if a concept is alien to the target language or due to the absence of appropriate symbol in TL for the SL concepts. In that case the translator will have to stretch the language to explain the SL concept and to make the message communicable. This may involve the lengthening of the TL sentence by adding one or more clauses or sentences in the target language. While translating literary texts translators quite often adopt in the TL and SL term or concept. In technical translation, however, this procedure may hamper the transfer of information, readability and comprehension of the TL text. In technical translation concepts need to be transferred into the TL without any ambiguity, which sometimes necessitates longer descriptions of the concept in the text itself. Of course providing the reader with the glossary of such untranslatable terms and concepts with their cultural notes, by way of an appendix or footnotes would go a long way in clarifying the ambiguities.

     The translator should avoid ambiguity and distortion of meaning. In this process of removing ambiguity the translator should guard against overtranslation. Overtranslation may sometimes bring in an element of the translator's personal views, i.e. his excess knowledge of the subject may indirectly influence the translation and it may amount to interference on the part of translator. It is as dangerous as ambiguity or undertranslation. In translation, the length of the TL sentence should be measured in terms of the language itself, with the syntactic and stylistic peculiarities. Sometimes a SL sentence may require to be cut into several sentences in TL in order to communicate the message, which in turn may result in redundancy. While redundancy guard against misinterpretation and inaccuracy, it varies from language to language and for different purposes and registers.

     Passivization is yet another feature of technical language syntax, if the language has a passive form. That some languages have no passivization is a well-known fact. Translation between these two types of languages, one with passivization and the other without it, poses problems of style in translation. Should the translated text be faithful to the SL style or the TL style, is a hard decisior to make. If the translator is faithful to the SL style, readability of the translated work is effected. This is precisely the reason, why some scholars would advocate the sacrifice of "accuracy" for readability and intelligibility. The translated text should read as original of the TL syntax.

 
423.10.2.4  : STYLE
 

     Style is yet another important aspect of technical translation. No linguistic form is absolutely controlled by the concepts the author wants to express. In languages there are alternative ways of putting these messages into words and the choice among these alternatives need not necessarily be always based on strict linguistic norms. Style is primarily a matter of personal attitudes, viewpoints, choices and also of certain social-cultural literary and scientific traditions that the author or a sender of a message shares with the speakers of the language and the community at large. Under such circumstances, it is sometimes difficult to provide stylistically acceptable alternatives of the source language in the target language. Although scientific texts in general are characterized with a specialized formal and impersonal style these are highly influenced by the literary standards and the style of the particular language and its literary traditions.

     Although social science texts share the technical language style of the speciality and formality with other physical and natural science, yet the fact is that the social science concepts are not as standardized and transparent as the physical and natural sciences and their terminology. Social Sciences largely derived their terminologies from the general language with all its features of dynamism, etc. It is erroneously believed that technical language has no place for metaphors and idioms, etc. A study of scientific terms reveals that these terminologies of all disciplines including those of physical and natural sciences are full of metaphors and idioms. To take an example from the Nuclear Physics, consider the term: "breeder reactor". Metaphors very often play an important role in concept formation and are handy tools for technical term creation or coinage of technical terms in various languages. Processes of metaphor formation are culture-specific based on the speakers perceptions of certain realities, their notional systems and world view, etc. Should the translated text reflect the style of the original author or that of the translator?

     Whatever subject the translator may be working on, he will have to consider the factors like who is the translation intended for and what degree of specialist knowledge the reader is expected to have or what does he need to know. Depending on the content of the text, the reader and the purpose, the translator needs to decide on the style and register, formal-informal; official-unofficial; written-colloquial, etc, and to maintain this register constantly throughout the text. For instance, the language and the style of a theoretical text or of a research or marketing or that of an instruction manual. They display variations of the scientific style at various levels - lexical, syntactic and stylistic.

     Within the technical language several styles are possible - a formal style for theoretical and research sciences, and an informal and casual style for advertising and marketing, and so on. Instruction manuals are marked by imperative forms of syntax. Translation is not only concerned with the transfer of information but this is a communication process. Whatever style the translator may employ, it should be able to establish communication and the translated text should read as the original in both content and style. Translation should avoid ambiguity and distortion of meaning.

 
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